Questions based on evolution and definitions Essay

Questions based on evolution and definitions - Essay Example Batesian mimicry which is a natural selection that favors the non-poisonous butterflies due to their similarity in their color with the poisonous butterflies is an example of a negative frequency-dependent. Positive frequency-dependency is seen in morph butterflies that are within the same species but have a different color pattern. Linkage disequilibrium arises when the genotype of at two loci is independent of each other and is as a result of Mutation, Random drift and Gene flow. It can be maintained by inducing mutation, random drift or gene flow in a generation. Deterministic forces are referred to as linear pressures due to their tendency to of pushing alleles frequencies in one direction which is either up , down or towards the middle. Important forces that take place in such a situation include selection, mutation, gene flow, meiotic drive and nonrandom mating. However, stochastic evolutionary force is the genetic drift that takes place due to random sampling of individuals and genes in small populations. Both are important because they lead to evolution as they cause changes in the genetic makeup of any population. The variance of reproductive success is usually higher among males than the females because the male sperm runs faster than the female, but dies faster than the female. The effect of this is more females in the society as a result of higher chances of having a female offspring. In situations when nonrandom processes overwhelm the random processes, it leads to low levels of variation which cannot be reconstructed over ecological time scales. Moreover, variation can arise from mutation and recombination. Since selection can remove variations from a population, genetic drift takes place. Antagonistic pleiotropy is a situation whereby the one gene controls foe more than one trait where at least a single of these traits

The Effect of Red Cabbage in Sperm Quality of Mus Musculus Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Red Cabbage in Sperm Quality of Mus Musculus Essay Our human species is not exactly known for its willingness to comply with divine instruction. But when God said unto them â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†, they were more than eager to comply. They took the task to heart. They turned a duty into a pleasure. The majority of couples had no problem. A minority, however, were distressed because of delay or inability to conceive and bring forth children. Medicine tried to help them to conceive naturally. There remained, however, a group who could not reproduce naturally without assistance. Infertility affects more than 80 million people worldwide. In general, one in ten couples experiences primary or secondary infertility, but infertility rates vary amongst countries from less than 5% to more than 30%. The increasing prevalence of infertility cases is becoming a major public health problem in developing countries (WHO, 2002). The term â€Å"infertility† refers to inability to conceive after having regular unprotected sex. Infertility can also refer to the biological inability of an individual to contribute to conception, or to a female who cannot carry a pregnancy full term (Medical News Today, 2009). Though infertility was traditionally considered a woman’s issue, research has demonstrated that approximately 40 percent of infertility is due in part or entirely to male factors (Essay Empire, 2012). More than 90% of male infertility cases are known to be due to low sperm quality. In 30 – 40% cases of sperm abnormality, the main cause remains unknown but the rest could be due to health problems such as chronic disease, lack of nutrition, genetic abnormality and environmental factors. One of the contributing factors that affect sperm quality is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Abdul Aziz, Farid and Mahanem Mat Noor, 2010). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidizing agents (free radicals). They have long been known to be a component of the killing response of immune cells to microbial invasion (Paul Held, 2010). They are formed at various organs including the testes. Previous studies explained that testicular cells are well equipped with enzymatic and low molecular weight antioxidants to maintain redox homeostasis and prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, excessive formation of ROS may over-ride antioxidant defenses and results in oxidative stress that induced permanent damaged to testicular cells. Oxidative stress consequently results in abnormal sperm production and function. Therefore, natural antioxidants could possibly be able to minimize generation of an excess ROS and subsequently protect the testicular damage (Abdul Aziz et. al. , 2010). In recent times, the field of â€Å"green medicine† has witnessed a renaissance of interest as drugs of herbal origin are relatively inexpensive, accessible, and onsidered to be safe compared to synthetic counterparts (Parek and Chanda 2006; Venkatesh and Krishnakumari 2006). Drugs of herbal origin therefore, remain the main source of active drugs from a natural source and are still indispensable in the traditional field of alternative medicine for treating a number of diseases. According to the World Health Organization (1996), about 80% of the world’s population depends on alternative medicines. Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L; Fam, Brassicaceae) is a commonly used dietary supplement that is rich in anthocyanins such as, cyanidin-3diglucoside-5-glucoside derivatives with various acylated groups connected to the diglucoside, mostly sinapoyl esters (Wu and Prior, 2005; Lo Scalzo, R. , Genna, A. , Branca, F. , Chedin, M. and Chassaigne, H. , 2008). Also, the presence of natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, ? -tocopherol and ? -carotene, lutein, and so on has been reported in the red cabbage extracts (Jagdish Singh, Upadhyay, AK. , Bahadur, A. , Singh, B. , Singh, KP. nd Mathura, Rai 2006). Many reports link Brassica vegetable intakes with reduced risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer. The beneficial biological properties of these vegetables have been partially attributed to their dietary antioxidants. Despite the widespread use of red cabbage as dietary supplement, there is no literature on pharmacological evaluation of its effect on sperm quality. Present study was therefore undertaken to identify whether the extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. show any effects on sperm count, sperm morphology and sperm motility.

Global Warming Essay -- Environment, Renewable Energy

Everyone is talking about it, and the news is constantly covering it. But nobody ever does anything about it. The â€Å"it† is global warming. Global warming has been steadily increasing since the industrial revolution at alarming rates causing extreme weather including droughts, floods, heat waves, and hurricanes, which is a major concern. In fact, it’s increasing at a rate of 10% every year (Ferrey 68). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a group of scientists and government representatives from 130 countries that estimate the temperature rise to be 3.2-7.8 degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2100 (Cunningham 207). There is a way to slow carbon emissions. The people of Sweden produce only 6.5 tons per person per year of carbon dioxide (CO2) versus the United States with a CO2 production rate of 20.14 tons per person per year. Amazingly, Sweden adopted renewable energy sources and strict conservation measures which have reduced its carbon emissions by 4 0 percent over the past 30 years while still experiencing dramatic increases in personal income and quality of life (Cunningham 208). In order to minimize the consequences of global warming, we must introduce highly efficient vehicles, create an abundance of renewable resources, and form the laws needed to slow global warming. Each of these solutions will provide a dramatic impact in reducing the carbon emissions, but it will take more than just the effort of these solutions, we must apply them to keep the earth as healthy as possible. The first solution is the introduction of highly efficient cars that will get better gas mileage and consume much less fossil fuel because they are the primary producers in global warming (Heckeroth 94). There has been significant develo... ...ote these technologies, developing nations will not take part in these options, which are often more expensive to implement. They will instead decide to burn coal and other fossil fuels (Ferrey 19). This would then defeat the purpose of proposing solutions because they would be doing the opposite of what is intended. In conclusion, there is a lot that is needed to be done about global warming, but the change won’t happen fast. In order to minimize the consequences of global warming, these solutions must be acted upon right away in order to slow global warming. We humans are the ones ultimately responsible of this problem; so we must agree in every way to solve it before the consequences get even worse. If this is followed the world will then have converted into a primarily solar energy world, free of its dependence on fossil fuels and the harm of the environment.

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow

Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow tells a very radical and lonely story of an Arabian that is faced with hard struggles in life. After her father left them for another woman, Doria’s world was crushed and she became pessimistic. But above all that pessimism lies a hope for a better life for her and her mother. After her father left them for another woman, Doria began to lose hope and became unhopeful. Since then many social workers were adamant to try and help them (Guene).The catalyst for Doria to have a very pessimistic view in life is the fact that her father left them in a slum for another woman back in their homeland. Moreover, the fact that her mother is illiterate and that they have to work many jobs just to satisfy their very needs added to the feeling of hopelessness that she felt. Since that kind of life dawned upon them, Doria has to face the truth about her life. Many psychologists began to offer their help to Doria but she seemed to move away from them. She does not appreciate their assistance or help.The efforts of the psychologists and social workers were not very helpful in changing young Doria’s outlook in life. When Madame Burlaud showed her pictures as attest, Doria thought that it was funny and described her actions as like in a dog.With this kind of reaction and analogy that Doria gave, it seems that she does not want help from any of them. It is just sad that she feels this way because personally, even though I have not met any social worker, I believe that they have the best interest for a person. Doria is very firm that they their attempts are just futile but, in reality, she really needs all the help in the world. Moreover, the fact that she does not have very good roles and influences around her shapes her points of view in life. Being strong is good but sometimes; admitting that we are weak is even a stronger deed.In my opinion, Doria will not have that good life that she dreams of if she continues to reject all the positive criticis ms and influences around her. Just like what is stated above, she needs a more positive outlook in life. Foremost, the social workers could have given them a more suitable place to live in because all these negative thoughts that is cooked up in her mind is an indirect product of   her environment.She needs to first find a healthy environment for both of them. Afterwards, she should go to school to earn her degree so that she can find a good job. Doria and her mother will have a stronger and meaningful bond if she will just accept all the good offers that these caring people give.Regarding the reading assignment, the author has indeed a point when he stated that the minority ethnic groups in France refuse to be integrated in their culture (Hargreaves). Moreover, he stated that the bigger blame should be on the government’s â€Å"integration policies† for the country’s minority ethnic group (Hargreaves). The minority groups refuse to cooperate with the governme nt for many reasons and because of these, it became a reason for riots to occur all over the country.This fact is evident in the narration of Guene; wherein the protagonist from her book refuses to be â€Å"integrated† to the French system. This news is very racist and ethnocentric in nature. I believe that the French government has something good in stored for the ethnic minority groups in their country; but because of pride, nationalism and even religion, these groups refuses to act on it because they are all so proud of their roots.But I believe that peace can be attained from these conflicts if both parties will respect the decision of each other. Both parties can have a benefit from each one if they will able to make some very good policies that will benefit the larger portion of the groups. I believe that more than love, respect and understanding should be instilled for all the leaders of the minority ethnic groups and the politicians to attain a very good goal.Work Cit ed:Guene, Faiza. Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow. Tra Edition ed: Harvest Books, 2006.Hargreaves, Alec G. â€Å"An Emperor with No Clothes?†Ã‚   (2005). January 22, 2008 .

Ethics and Social Responsibilities of Business Essay

It is cardinal fact that the â€Å"emergence of management as a distinct and identifiable activity in the modern era has had an important impact on the society with which it developed† (Massie 29). Even during the early the early days of the 20th century, most of the business corporations were predominantly concerned with their singular objective of profit maximization. As a matter of stark reality, business corporations are open system and, resultantly, they need to continuously interact with the society. Hence, many social activists began to question this singular motive of organization during the later part of the previous century. Many scholars like Bowen, pointed out that since the corporations drive their existence from the society, it must possess certain obligations towards the betterment of the later. Gradually, in the modern times, business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) became a ‘science of conduct’ for almost all the business units (McNamara).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In very simple terms, business ethics is a â€Å"study of morality and standards of conducts† (Fred and Richard, 480). By the term ‘ethics’ we generally used to refer to the rules or principles which define right and wrong code of conduct. According to Walton, â€Å"business ethics is concerned with truth and justice and has variety of aspects such as expectations of the society, fair competition, advertizing, public relations, social responsibilities, consumer autonomy, and corporate behavior in the home country as well as abroad† (qtd. in Paul, 66).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the modern era, the expectations and demand of the customer’s and the society as a whole has changed a lot, and hence, most of the business organizations have become more and more aware of their ethical and social responsibilities towards their interest groups. According to Kenneth R. Andrews, the term ethical and social responsibility mean the â€Å"intelligent and objective concern for the welfare of society that restraints individual and corporate behavior from ultimately destructive activities, no matter how immediately profitable, and leads in the direction of positive contribution to human betterment† (qtd. in Ray 24). Thus along with promoting its own interests, business should always behave in a responsible manner towards the interests and betterment of its employees, customers, creditors, government, shareholders and the society as a whole. Thus, as Davis and Robert have rightly observed, â€Å"corporate social responsibility indicates the management’s commitment towards upholding the interests of direct stakeholders and to behave in an economically and environmentally responsible manner† (Davis and Robert, 1975). To What Extent Should Business be involved in fulfilling Social Obligations For more than two centuries, the debate has still been going on about whether business should possess social and ethical responsibilities towards the society. If so, then the question naturally arrives – to what extent business should involve itself towards the betterment and welfare of the former? An analysis of facts and arguments are sure to make this point crystal clear. These are discussed hereunder as follows: Arguments against Businesses’ Involvements:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all, the principal objective of business is to generate profit and, hence, any involvement in social affairs or much ethical behavior is surely directed against this motive. In the views of Milton Friedman, only people can have responsibilities; business as a whole, considered as artificial person, cannot be expected to possess such responsibilities. The only responsibility that business should have is to maximize its profits (Friedman 1970).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, businesses have to incur excessive cost for any social involvements. But, where from this cost will come? This cost is generally adjusted by increasing the selling price of goods produced and services rendered by the business. Hence, â€Å"the corporate executives would be spending someone else’s money for a general social interest† (Friedman 1970). Hence, as a result of businesses’ involvement in social affairs, the society itself has to bear the burden of this excess cost. As Levitt puts it, the results would be socially less desirable than the previous days when firms were predominantly concerned with their only objective of profit-maximization (1958).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, since any social involvements is sure to increase the price of products, the MNCs operating at overseas markets may face stiff competition from the local counterparts which may not be involved in fulfilling ethical and social obligations. This may create an weakened international balance of payments (BoP).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fourthly, too much social involvements may immensely enhance the power and authority of business through political and social means itself. This can ultimately corrupt them in the subsequent times (Richard and Fred 480).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fifthly, business executive lacks social skills and are not effective in handling social affairs. According to Friedman, the managers should concentrate on what they know the best – ‘how to make profits’ (1970).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, there are no specifically defined parameters of ethical and social responsibility. â€Å"What does it mean to say that the corporate executive has a ‘social responsibility?† (Friedman 1970). There is no agreement that clearly defines what type of social, ethical and moral responsibilities that businesses should undertake. Arguments for Social and Ethical Responsibilities: The modern world has witnessed a drastic change in the expectations of the society. First of all, every business organization is a part of the social system. It earns its profits from the society in which it operates. Organizations should, therefore, always consider the impacts of its decisions on the society. Since businesses earn their profits from the society, the former must possess certain responsibilities to the later. Secondly, both the society and business are equally benefited when a symbiotic relationship exists between the two. The society gains through economic developments and reduction of unemployment rate, and, on the other hand, business is benefited through the customers and workforce supplied by the society. Thirdly, a positive social image helps the business to increase its brand image in the eye of the consumers and thereby increasing the number its loyal customers. A favorable public image helps the business to attract and retain skillful employees, great investors etc. Fourthly, a favorable public image helps the business to avoid the vigil eyes of the government and other regulatory agencies. It certainly provides greater independence and flexibility in the mode of their operations. Fifthly, social responsibility involves the conservation of natural resources which is very much beneficial not only to the society, but also for the business itself. Many products, like cans, bottles etc., which were considered as wastes in the earlier days, can now be recycled and profitably used. Sixthly, business possess considerable amount of power and authority – the exercise of this power should be balanced through a simultaneous display of ethical responsibility. Finally, business should prevent social problems for its own interests. Instead of allowing large scale unemployment leading to social political unrest, which can eventually spoil the operations of business in the subsequent times, business organization can rather become the source of employment for qualified and eligible people. Social and Ethical Responsibility on Interests Groups The International Seminar on Social Responsibility of Business has rightly observed that business corporations should be responsible to the following interests groups: Shareholders: The shareholders provide the prime resources i.e. the capital to the business for its existence, growth and development. Hence, the later must protect interests of the former. Employees: Employees are the most important assets for any organizations. It is through the employees that the business runs itself. In the earlier days, the management regarded its employees as only a factor of production and, therefore, denied their true rights. However, modern managements have rightly understood that unless the employees are happy, it is very much difficult to reach high levels of customer’s satisfaction. Customers: The most successful businesses of the world put the customer first, ahead of the investors (Mackey 2005). Modern organizations have realized the importance of keeping the customers satisfied. The growth of consumerism has contributed much to this realization. Creditors: The major inputs like machine, money, materials etc. are supplied by the creditors. Hence, business must behave ethically and responsively towards them. Society: Every business corporations, being open systems, operates within a social system. It draws its resources from the society in which it operates. Hence, it must be socially responsible for the welfare of the later. Government: It is the government of a country of state that provides the primary facilities for the growth and development of the business. Most of the governmental decisions are subjected towards the growth and betterment of the business. Hence, the business, in its turn, should behave ethically and in a socially responsible way towards the government. Conclusion Every business organization is a part of the economic and political system and not an isolated island without any foreign relations. It is the core of a network of relationships to individuals, groups, and things (Reddy and Tripathy 295). Hence, the management should always consider the impacts of their decisions on all the interest groups with which it is closely bonded. The business should operate as a trustee for the wellbeing of its employees, customers, the government, suppliers and creditors, shareholders and the society as a whole. In fact, the management’s duty is to mediate among all these social stakeholders in order to ensure that each of them gets a square deal and none of their interests and benefits are unduly sacrificed to those of the others. Social and ethical responsibilities â€Å"are management’s responsiveness to public consensus† (Adolph 1963).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every civil citizen must possess some social and ethical responsibilities. True that the business corporations are considered as ‘artificial persons’ – but does that mean it should not possess any obligations towards the welfare of the system in which it grows and develops? Obviously, to increase profit is one of the prime motive of every business and from this point, any social involvements reduces the percentage of profit for the business. But, from a wider perspective, it can be concluded that, business corporations should â€Å"behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large† (Holme and Watts). References Adolph, A.B. The American Economic Republic, Harcourt Brace and World, New York, 1963 Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct: Carroll Business Society.1999, 268-295 Davis, K. and Robert, L. B. Business and Society, Environment and Responsibility, Revised   Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Book Company Inc. New York, 1975 Friedman, M. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profit, New York   Times Magazine, 13 September, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Friedman, M. ibid, 1970 Holme, L and Watts, R. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Making   Good Business Sense – http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/CSRfiles/definition.html Levitt, T. The Dangers of Social Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, Sept, 1958. Mackey, J. (qtd. in) Rethinking the Social Responsibilities of Business, October 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.reason.com/news/show/32239.html McNamara, C. Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers http://www.managementhelp.org/ethics/ethxgde.htm Massie, J.L. Ethical and Environmental Foundations, Essentials of Management, Fourth Edition, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1995, 29 Paul, C. Ethics in Business, Introduction to Management, Modern Book House, Calcutta,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   India, 1989, 66 Ray, S.M. Corporate Social Responsibility, An Introduction of Management Thoughts, Oriental Publications, New Delhi, 1979, 24 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. Social Responsibilities of Business, Principles of Management, Tata-McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995, 295 Redddy, P.N. and Tripathy, P.C. ibid, Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. Ethics and Social Responsibilities, International Management, Third Edition, McGraw Hill International Editions, 1997, 480 Richard, M.H. and Fred, L. ibid, 481 Stehi, S.P, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance, An analytical Framework,   California Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1975, p. 58-64 The International Seminar on Social Responsibilities of Business: (qtd. in Mukharjee, P.B. Social Responsibilities of Business, 1994, 09

Amazon River Basin essays

Amazon River Basin essays The Amazon is one of the largest rivers of the world and the chief river of the South America. It is 4,000 miles long, about 6,400 km. It is the second largest river in the world's and the flow is the world largest by far. It is also one of the deepest rivers. The Amazon River begins at Huarco. The Amazon system is joined to the Orinoco by the Casiquaire River in Venezeula. The Amazon Basin is almost 40% of the total area of South America. The Amazon area is a home to many of the known animals and many unknown animals. The Amazon holds a great biodiversity. The Amazon spreads over 2,030,000 square mile. Over 25,000 species of plants and more butterflies can be found here than anywhere else on the planet. There are also 170 Indian cultural groups living in the Amazon, remnants of the 7 million who flourished there once, but who have been reduced to no more than 200,000 today. Tropical is considered to be the rivers climate and 87 degrees farenheit being its average temperature. The average rainfall across the whole Amazon Basin is approximately 2300mm annually.As known in some areas of the northwest portion of the Amazon Basin, yearly rainfall can exceed 6000mm. The Amazon Basin has not always been an area of lush tropical rainforest. During several times in its history, the basin has been the location of huge lakes and shallow seas. Salt deposits up to 600 meters thick(nearly 2000 feet) have also been found in some locations indicating that at one time the basin may have been desert-like, drying up the shallow seas and creating the salt deposits.The Amazon rainforest has a great variety of plant life. Scientists have found it to be up to 3,000 species of plants in one sq. mile. Amazons' Climate The Amazon's climate is heaviliy influenced by where the Amazon is situated in the tropics. This gives it a warm temperature and plenty of rain. The major contribution the climate makes to the Amazon ...

Conjugation of Entender, Perder, and Similar Spanish Verbs

Conjugation of Entender, Perder, and Similar Spanish Verbs Entender, which usually means to understand, is a common stem-changing verb. The only change from the regular conjugation is that when the -e- of the stem is stressed it becomes -ie-. Other verbs (and common definitions) following this pattern include ascender (to climb), atender (to attend to), defender (to defend or protect), descender (to go down), and perder (to lose). Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Entender entender (to understand) Gerund of Entender entendiendo (understanding) Participle of Entender entendido (understood) Present Indicative of Entender yo entiendo, tà º entiendes, usted/à ©l/ella entiende, nosotros/as entendemos, vosotros/as entendà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas entienden (I understand, you understand, he understands, etc.) Preterite of Entender yo entendà ­, tà º entendiste, usted/à ©l/ella entendià ³, nosotros/as entendimos, vosotros/as entendisteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas entendieron (I understood, you understood, she understood, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Entender yo entendà ­a, tà º entendà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella entendà ­a, nosotros/as entendà ­amos, vosotros/as entendà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas entendà ­a (I used to understand, you used to understand, he used to understand, etc.) Future Indicative of Entender yo entenderà ©, tà º entenders, usted/à ©l/ella entender, nosotros/as entenderemos, vosotros/as entenderà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas entendern (I will understand, you will understand, he will understand, etc.) Conditional of Entender yo entenderà ­a, tà º entenderà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella entenderà ­a, nosotros/as entenderà ­amos, vosotros/as entenderà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas entenderà ­an (I would understand, you would understand, she would understand, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Entender que yo entienda, que tà º entiendas, que usted/à ©l/ella entienda, que nosotros/as entendamos, que vosotros/as entendis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas entiendan (that I understand, that you understand, that she understand, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Entender que yo entendiera (entendiese), que tà º entendieras (entendieses), que usted/à ©l/ella entendiera (entendiese), que nosotros/as entendià ©ramos (entendià ©semos), que vosotros/as entendierais (entendieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas entendieran (entendiesen) (that I understood, that you understood, that he understood, etc.) Imperative of Entender entiende (tà º), no entiendas (tà º), entienda (usted), entendamos (nosotros/as), entended (vosotros/as), no entendis (vosotros/as), entiendan (ustedes) (understand, dont understand, understand, lets understand, etc.) Compound Tenses of Entender The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, entendido. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, entendiendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Entender and Similar Verbs Quiero entender lo que ests diciendo porque sà © que es importante. (I want to know what youre saying because I know its important. Infinitive.) Un 19% del bosque nativo ms diverso del paà ­s se ha perdido en los à ºltimos 40 aà ±os. (Some 19 percent of the most diverse old-growth forest in the country has been lost in the past 40 years. Present perfect.) Defiendo los derechos de los animales. (I defend the rights of animals. Present indicative.) El terreno sobre el cual estaban desciendo era muy à ©rido. The terrain they were descending was very dry. Past progressive.) El venezolano ascendià ³ al puesto 48 de la lista de jonroneros. (The Venezuelan climbed to No. 48 on the list of home run hitters. Preterite.) La produccià ³n continuaba creciendo mientras que los precios descendà ­an rpidamente. (Production kept on rising while prices fell rapidly. Imperfect.) Atenderà © mi cuerpo y su salud fà ­sica. (I will take care of my body and its physical health. Future.) A lo mejor lo entenderà ­a si me lo explicaras. (Maybe Id understand it if you explained it to me. Conditional.) Espero que no pierdas las ganas de cambiar las cosas. (I hope you dont lose the passion for changing things. Present subjunctive.) El evento tambià ©n sirvià ³ para educar a los atletas para que entendieran la situacià ³n. (The event also served to educate the athletes so they would understand the situation. Imperfect subjunctive.)  ¡Te pierde! (Get lost! Imperative.)

Best College Planners 9 Apps for Managing Your Studying and Finance

Best College Planners 9 Apps for Managing Your Studying and Finance The technological era that we live in makes our lives easier every day. Now you dont need to go and buy a daily planner to fill out with your pencil – you can just download the app and have all of your weekly and monthly plans right at hand. But there are so many apps available on the market, so how can you choose the one that will be convenient particularly for you? We explored the majority of the existing apps to make a list which you can use to pick the app that will be handy for you. So, lets dive into the digital world and discuss features of the most used apps are. Education 1 myHomework Student Planner Price: Free or $4.99 Premium per year Rating: 4.6 The planner is very simple to use, and it has an attractive interface. You just need to add your classes to the general schedule or specify the days of the week and the time for your extracurricular activities. The best feature of this app is the ability to add the due dates and quick notes about each assignment that you have to complete while tracking the deadlines – you will see which due dates are upcoming. You can download the app from the AppStore  or GooglePlay. 2 My Study Life Price: Free Rating: 4.7 This app is one of the most popular college student planners, and it is all about having all of your classes and exams schedules placed in your pocket. If you struggle with remembering the dates of your tests or assignment due, choose this app. It is especially convenient for students who have two-week timetables. This is one of the best organizers for college students which you can get for free. This application allows you to sync your notes and plans across all of your devices, track assignment progress and get customized reminding notifications about upcoming classes or exams. The app is available for various kind of devices on iOS, Android, and Windows. Feeling stressed for upcoming finals? Check out the article which will help you to survive through the finals week. 3 Egenda Price: Free Rating: 4.7 Egenda is a popular app among high school and college students due to its convenience and utility. This is a perfect option to choose when you need a helper for: Scheduling your day Reminding about the assignments that are due Adding notes and timetables Egenda is used by so many students because it is simple to use and completely free. You can manage your tests, exams and even quizzes. Notes can be sorted by classes or even the due date which helps you to be right on time with your homework. If you have to perform a task for your English class, check out another list of the useful apps that we have gathered for you the list of apps to make you fluent in English. This app is definitely more useful than a regular daily planner or a 12 months planner, and its always with you to remind you about the next class or test. Available for download from AppStore and GooglePlay. 4 School Planner Price: Free Rating: 4.6 If you havent heard about this app yet, then you probably live under the rock because the majority of students say that School Planner is one of the most powerful personalized planners for college students with an attractive interface. The beauty is in the simplicity of the interface and handy features, such as the abilities to: record lectures manage tasks, grades and subjects create customized timetables It syncs within all your devices, providing a backup in case of need, saves teachers contact info, and calculates average grade automatically. Get it for your Android right now! 5 HomeworkApp Price: Free Rating: 4.7 The name of this app speaks for itself. This is what your parents wish theyd had when they were in college and what now you can have on your phone. It is a simple yet very effective and helpful tool to organize all the homework assignments. Goal setting, progress tracking, customizable calendar and many more other features of this app are the main reasons for many students all over the world to use it on a daily basis. This app is a perfect way to get convenient weekly spreads and customizable design at the same time. Download it for your Android. 6 Timetable Price: Free Rating: 4.2 If you are looking for something more minimalistic, then this app is for you. You can create a schedule for the whole year. The only thing you need to do is to add the information about your classes and exams. You can adjust your schedule according to the cycle of one, two, three or four weeks, get notifications and search in your classes or tasks. Get the app on Google Play and enjoy your perfect layouts which, as the users of digital monthly planners say, are very convenient for both college and high school students. Financial Planning for Students Many college students face the need to track not only their studies but also their budget. Its often hard to stick to your limited budget when there are so many events that you want to attend. If you want to use your money rationally and find a useful tool for college financial planning, download one of these useful finance planning apps. 7 Mint Price: Free Rating: 4.7 If you need to track your spendings throughout your school year, choose this app and plan your budget without any struggles. Mint allows you to keep information about your bank accounts and bills together, sort your spendings by the categories, and track credit usage. Get it on Google Play or App Store. 8 Money Manager Expense and Budget Price: Free Rating: 4.6 Would you like to have a personal accountant to manage your budget? If hiring one is too expensive for you, then just download this app and have all of your expenses completely organized and tracked. If you wonder how much money you can spend on a party and with no damage to your monthly budget, you can calculate it with this simple but effective manager. Also, you can manage your cards and get instant monthly statistics of your incomings and expenses. Available for iOS and Android. 9 Goodbudget: Budget Finance Price: Free Rating: 4.6 No more struggling with a budget for college students. Download the app and start tracking all of your spendings. Learn how to plan your budget and manage your credit cards and cash. Any college student who frequently runs out of money needs such a helper. Especially, if you need to stick to the limited budget that you can spend on groceries (by the way, we also have great ideas on how you can eat well and save your money). Available for Android and iOS. Wrapping Up We hope you liked our list of the best college planners and organizers and found it useful. Having such a helper available all the time can make your studying much easier and also teach you some time and budget management skills.

The effect of biological principles on the architectural design Toward Essay

The effect of biological principles on the architectural design Toward sustainable approach - Essay Example Sponges can be examined in order to create more efficient buildings. Nature also optimizes energy consumptions and the elasticity of biomaterial. It introduces an era where expectations are not what to extract from nature, but rather what can be learn from it (Benyus, 2002) and (Pawlyn, 2011). This new era (Benyus, 1997) defines biomimicry as a new science that uses nature’s models as an inspiration to study the design, in order to find a solution to solve human problems. The concept of using nature as a model for manufactured products is not a new. Although Biomimicry has created a radical change, the architectural community and peoples’ perception of the contemporary building has not been positive. Like most new trends, some criticism has been raised against this approach. Biomimicry should be incorporated into inspirational architectural designs. The aim of this essay is to investigate how to create a natural design by exploring the link between the biological principles on the architectural design. The first part of this essay will discuss the background of biomimicry. The second part of the paper will focus on the principles of biometry and the relative approaches. The third part of the essay will discuss the effectiveness of the levels of biomimicry. In the last part the paper will illustrate some drawbacks against biomimicry In the English language, the creation of the term bionic (also known as biomimetic, biomimicry, bio-inspiration, biogenesis, biologically inspired design) probably originated from the Greek word bion (Iouguina, 2013). This word means life. Mimicry is to imitate or copy. Thus biomimicry is the imitating of life or living things. â€Å"Biomimicry from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate is a new discipline that studies natures best ideas and then imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. Studying a leaf to invent a better solar cell is an example, it

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words - 1

History - Essay Example Most important, however, was institutionalization, a further component of ‘religion-building’, to give these fledgling belief systems stability and resilience. Thus Buddhism underwent this process in India, well into the second decade of its existence, from where it emerged a world religion and in the case of Christianity and Islam, Constantine and the Abbasids performed this function. 2. 2Older religions were more localized and lacked the institutional underpinning that can be found in Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. Each of these religions in turn facilitated its broad geographical spread through institutional mechanisms, such as monastic communities in the case of Buddhism, the church for Christianity and an efficient communication network along the trade routes, based on merchant networks, for Islam and Buddhism. In addition, older religions were elite structures, excluded the masses from their power structure and usually had a large number of gods that need to be satisfied. In contract, the three big religions facilitated a more direct access to one God via easy to understand rituals. In the case of Hinduism, the attraction of Buddhism also included a departure from the caste system. 3. 3Rulers often used religion to underpin their power with divine approval. By claiming divine endorsement, they were able to obscure the boundaries between secular power and divine sanction. By claiming to derive power directly from God, the ruler was not accountable to anyone else, not subject to criticism by any other than God. More significant was that critique of the ruler amounted to critique of God and was therefore heresy. This royal absolutism began with Constantine and Theodosius but references can be found as early as Peter 2:13-17 in the New Testament. 4. 4An anthropological view of the Japanese religious structure points out that Japanese society operates a

Organization details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organization details - Essay Example This study finds complaints and criticisms that Wal-Mart has failed in its accountability to workers, but not to its stockholders. He conclusion drawn in this study is it is best to satisfy employees, because motivated employees will go an extra mile for the company. This would mean more productivity that will give Wal-Mart a good return in profits. This paper focuses at the organizational structure of one of the biggest retail store in the United States, the Wal-Mart. This store has been ranked by Forbes Global 200 list as the world’s 18th largest corporation.( http://www.forbes.com/companies/wal-mart-stores/) Wal-Mart is a global company selling goods in 15 countries and has 8,500 stores of 55 different names. This company makes an interesting study of an organizational culture that has to adopt a system under a global atmosphere that employs 2.2 million people. This study attempts to find out whether the store has been effective, efficient and has met the ethical standards and accountability in its operations. Why is an organizational structure important in a company, whether public or private? An organization as incorporated in a theory, is defined as â€Å" assembly of people working together to achieve common objective through a division of labor† ( INC.,2014) . The importance of an organization structure of a company plays significant role in the company, and that there are elements in it that ranks in significance. Hao, Kasper, et. al (2012) found out in their studies that views of importance differ according to ranks and places. For Austrians, structure has an important effect on performance, while Chinese prefers learning innovated innovations. These authors concluded that high –tech industry prefers to have an organizational structure that implements innovations and organizational learning while the labor intensive industry prefers innovation. Overall, the different age ranges of firms affirmed that innovation and learning

Deduction vs. Induction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deduction vs. Induction - Essay Example On the other hand, an inductive argument is an argument in which the premises are expected to support the conclusion such that if the premises were to be true (which is an assumption of the arguer), it is merely improbable that the conclusion could be false in that case. Therefore, instead of there being a necessary connection between premises and conclusion, as there is in the case of the deductive argument, the connection between premises and conclusion in the inductive argument is probabilistic. In the example given, it is possible for the conclusion to be false, even if all three of the premises are true. In other words, it is possible for an argument that lacks deductive validity to be inductively valid. For instance, perhaps Newton lost his taste for tea after being struck on the head with an apple, which, according to the story, he was drinking on that occasion. Although inductive inferences may be uncertain, they are probable. That is, it is very probable that Isaac Newton liked tea. However, it is not certain based solely from the evidence given in P1-P3. Moreover, unlike deductive arguments, inductive inferences give us more information than what is contained in the premises. Careful use of inductive arguments is necessary for any field of research outside of those that rely on basic truths and assumptions. In the argument given, both of the premises are true. Consequently, it is simply not possible for the conclusion to be false. If the deductive argument has all true premises, and a false conclusion, then an error has been made and the argument lacks deductive validity. Conversely, one cannot accept the truth of the premises without accepting the truth of the conclusion. The relationship between the premises and the inference is that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true. Even if the premises might not actually be true, the relationship between the premises and the conclusion does not change, and even if the evidence for the

Utilization research for congestive heart failure education program Proposal

Utilization for congestive heart failure education program - Research Proposal Example Different intervention strategies have been identified that can help in management and treatment of the CHF. Although different interventional strategies exist, there seems to be increase in readmission, and numbers of CHF continue to go up. This calls for identification and innovation of more suitable intervention strategies that give appropriate results. In this perspective, educational interventional strategies have been identified as the primary strategies that can be used to reduce prevalence of CHF. With education, patients, together with stakeholders involved, are likely to acquire knowledge, skills, tools, and experiences that in long-term are likely to be beneficial in promoting awareness of CHF, hence contributing to management. This research proposal provides for educational interventional strategy and explores the effectiveness of the strategy. In addition, planning, implementation, evaluation, and decision-making processes are evaluated and analyzed, hence their efficacy in contributing to success of educational programs. On overall, for educational programs to promote awareness about CHF, the research proposes for adoption of integrated educational interventional strategy that also facilitates consultation and participation. These aspects make educational interventional strategy appear as the most efficient way of addressing the rising cases of CHF. Utilization Research for Congestive Heart Failure Education Program Background Cases of the heart failing to perform effectively have become more prevalent and pronounced in the modern world. As a result, a medical condition known as heart failure, which is believed to affect many people in USA, has emerged (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). Heart failure (HF) is today viewed to be an important public health issue that faces the health care system. Heart failure, popularly known as the congestive heart failure (CHF), can be described as a condition where the sufferer is unable to experience sufficient blood flow in the heart, which in turn makes it difficult to meet the physiological needs of the body (Chen and Zieve, 2011). Causes of heart failure are myriad but can be connected to issues of lifestyle and dietary, as well as medications. Although the prevalence of heart failure problems are today more pronounced in the society, it has been observed that majority of people wh o have been affected by the disease are still unaware of the condition (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). This has largely been associated with lack of knowledge many sufferers have, where symptoms associated with the disease are mistaken for normal signs of advancing in the age (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). For instance, HF is associated with signs like feeling tired and experiencing frequent short breath, which majority of older patients may think constitutes signs of their advancing age. Therefore, this calls for effective diagnosis, which will help in determining the disease in an individual and subsequently being able to determine the course of treatment and management of the disease. The prevalence of the disease is more pronounced in the modern world, and this has led to accelerated efforts aimed at identifying the best methods that can be used to treat and manage the medical condition. Problem Identification By the

D.P Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

D.P - Essay Example Vonnegut narrates the fact that Joe is teased by his fellows in the orphanage as well as by other people who live in the area surrounding the orphanage. He is a very sweet and innocent young boy who is made aware of his uniqueness by the people who surround him. Joe is misguided by a mechanic who enjoys making fun of him that his father is in the area and he looks like Joe. Joe sets out looking for him and he considers a black soldier sergeant to be his father. He eventually returns to the orphanage but only after he is given hope by the sergeant that he will come back to take Joe with him. The story has a very deep and important meaning and theme. Vonnegut explains the phenomenon of racism and how deep rooted this issue is and he also presents the lives of young children who get displaced by wars and their search for hope and happiness. Joe is a black and he is always made a target by the people of the village where they are taken for walks by the nuns. He is also teased by a boy na med Peter in the orphanage who is elder than him and who always keeps on reminding him that he is not a part of this community. This can be seen when Joe states to the nun, â€Å"But Peter says I don’t belong here, that I’m not a German and never can be.† This highlights the fact that Peter always tries to make young Joe feel bad. This may be due to the fact that Peter is old enough and he remembers his good times and he has the memories of his family which make him feel worst about his condition. This probably serves as a drive for him to make other children feel the sadness as he does in his life. Joe is also targeted by the people in the village and a mechanic and other people who work in the village usually ask him mocking questions. The mechanic compares him to a world heavy weight champion as he and the villagers considered the champion Joe Louis to be the only known black. Joe is an innocent child and he always questions the nuns as to why they ask him su ch questions. He does not understand why he is targeted as once he asks the nun, â€Å"Why do people smile when they see me, and try to make me sing and talk, and then laugh when I do?† Though he is unable to understand the reason why people behave with him the way they do but he does know that he is different from the other people and he asks the nun about why he does not see other people like him in the village. Joe always tries to find ways to understand about his identity. The nun always tries to raise his spirit. He is a displaced child and she understands the difficulties that he may be coming across. â€Å"Joe, Joe! Look quickly,† said the nun â€Å"See-up there, in the tree. See the little sparrow with the broken leg. Oh, poor, brave little thing- he still gets around quite well. See him, Joe?† Hop, hop, hippity-hop.† By saying these lines to little John, the nurse tries to raise his spirit and motivate him by giving him the example of a sparrow wh o is hurt and hence he cannot fly like other birds but still he is brave and facing the situation. In a similar manner, she tries to infuse courage in the little boy so that he does not get disheartened. The story explains the wants and desires of displaced children who try to search for happiness in their lives. When Joe is informed by the mechanic that his father is in town, he truly believes him.

Utilization research for congestive heart failure education program Proposal

Utilization for congestive heart failure education program - Research Proposal Example Different intervention strategies have been identified that can help in management and treatment of the CHF. Although different interventional strategies exist, there seems to be increase in readmission, and numbers of CHF continue to go up. This calls for identification and innovation of more suitable intervention strategies that give appropriate results. In this perspective, educational interventional strategies have been identified as the primary strategies that can be used to reduce prevalence of CHF. With education, patients, together with stakeholders involved, are likely to acquire knowledge, skills, tools, and experiences that in long-term are likely to be beneficial in promoting awareness of CHF, hence contributing to management. This research proposal provides for educational interventional strategy and explores the effectiveness of the strategy. In addition, planning, implementation, evaluation, and decision-making processes are evaluated and analyzed, hence their efficacy in contributing to success of educational programs. On overall, for educational programs to promote awareness about CHF, the research proposes for adoption of integrated educational interventional strategy that also facilitates consultation and participation. These aspects make educational interventional strategy appear as the most efficient way of addressing the rising cases of CHF. Utilization Research for Congestive Heart Failure Education Program Background Cases of the heart failing to perform effectively have become more prevalent and pronounced in the modern world. As a result, a medical condition known as heart failure, which is believed to affect many people in USA, has emerged (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). Heart failure (HF) is today viewed to be an important public health issue that faces the health care system. Heart failure, popularly known as the congestive heart failure (CHF), can be described as a condition where the sufferer is unable to experience sufficient blood flow in the heart, which in turn makes it difficult to meet the physiological needs of the body (Chen and Zieve, 2011). Causes of heart failure are myriad but can be connected to issues of lifestyle and dietary, as well as medications. Although the prevalence of heart failure problems are today more pronounced in the society, it has been observed that majority of people wh o have been affected by the disease are still unaware of the condition (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). This has largely been associated with lack of knowledge many sufferers have, where symptoms associated with the disease are mistaken for normal signs of advancing in the age (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). For instance, HF is associated with signs like feeling tired and experiencing frequent short breath, which majority of older patients may think constitutes signs of their advancing age. Therefore, this calls for effective diagnosis, which will help in determining the disease in an individual and subsequently being able to determine the course of treatment and management of the disease. The prevalence of the disease is more pronounced in the modern world, and this has led to accelerated efforts aimed at identifying the best methods that can be used to treat and manage the medical condition. Problem Identification By the

Conscience or the Competitive Edge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conscience or the Competitive Edge - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that a  company such as Nike can run into a variety of problems when it decides to outsource, like what it wants to consider or prioritize when moving certain operations overseas.   First of all, many companies grossly underestimate the time, money, and people that it takes to successfully outsource a portion or all of their operations.   In choosing a location, companies must consider which locations have the cheaper labor prices if they are going to save money by outsourcing in the first place.   Choosing an area with a high standard of living will end up costing the company way more than what it is worth.This essay discusses that there is a tremendously big step that is often overlooked when companies are considering outsourcing.   Before deciding on a country or service provider, first determine the cost of running your business processes and what your objectives are. If your service levels and costs are already competitive, it won't make sen se to farm it out. Study the expertise of each potential partner, considering proximity, costs, cultural and language barriers, telecom infrastructure and tax laws among other factors, before making a decision. India will not always be the right answer.  One of the most controversial problems that a company will run into when considering outsourcing is the laying off of its workers.   New jobs may be created in the foreign country of choice, but that means that jobs are lost at home.  ... When an organization chooses to outsource, the dirty work of huge corporations is sub-contracted to these workers and they are often exploited. At first glance, it may appear that bringing jobs to these developing countries is a good thing, but it is not if these workers are being forced to work in sweatshops and similar conditions (Christensen, 1996). In describing the dilemma, Christensen (1996, pg. 1) wrote, "Nike shoes, like those of most of their competitors in the athletic shoewear industry, are currently manufactured by young women in Indonesia who flock from their village homes to the Nike production factories to be paid 20% less than the "minimum physical need" for a single adult (about $2.25 a day). This means that Nike's factory workers are hardly making enough money to eat. Also, these Nike employees sometimes work over 10 hours a day in poorly-ventilated areas. Overall, the working conditions for these factory workers are lousy and Nike continues to ignore the crisis." At the time of the crisis, the managers and representatives of the company clearly were not concerned about the stakeholder condition overseas such as safety, working conditions, cheap labor, and child labor. They instead only chose to think about maximizing profits and did not care about the welfare of the stakeholder in the foreign country. For a time, the company appeared to try to hide this situation, but before long, things hit the spotlight (Thunderbird, 2004). A company such as Nike can run into a variety of problems when it decides to outsource, like what it wants to consider or prioritize when moving certain operations overseas. First of all, many companies grossly underestimate the time, money, and people that it takes to successfully outsource a portion or all of

Personal Ethics Statement Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics Statement Essay My personal ethical viewpoint has become clearer after coming down to the final days of class. I have learned a lot in this past nine weeks. I haven’t developed any blind spots in being ethical in certain situations, but some people do have blind spots and they do not even realize it. My ethical lens reflects on my core values which are extremely respectful in every way, I always take the time to ask myself questions to evaluate if it is unethical or not. I would have to say my strengths are always considering everyone else’s feelings and their outlook on what they believe in when coming down to proper ethics. I always take the time to think, if I say a certain thing will this affect someone else in a negative way, I am always respectful even if it is hard to do. My weakness is that sometimes I let my feelings get in the way if someone makes an unethical comment, these tend to always offend me. I feel as if I can explain proper ethics to this said person and show them how using proper ethics has a great deal of benefits. I also trust reasonable systems to solve most problems instead of trying to do it myself. My values include my family, friends, my job, and using proper ethics when it comes to important situations. My behaviors are always carefully thought out with the up most respect when coming into view with using proper ethics. How might you use your personal ethics to determine a course of action? The way I would use my personal ethics to determine a course of action is first, I would try to weigh out the positive and negatives of any situation. Mainly on what is the right thing to do, could I live with the guilt in making a decision that is unethical? I always think what if it was me, is this decision going to affect someone else’s feelings? Will this be something that affects someone else’s outlook on my ethics? I always use my ethics to determine the right decision, not the one that has a negative outcome.

Essay --

Joseph Winkelmann Mr. Sargent English 250 16 December 2013 Stem Cells Although stem cell research is a hot topic in politics and the scientific field as of late, it dates back to the 1950s. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can become any cell, such as but not limited to skin cells or brain cells. These cells are some of the first cells in the human body. Not only do they divide and form new cells rapidly in the embryonic stage, they can form any specialized cell in the human body, a process called differentiation. They can also form new stem cells, a process called self-renewal (Staff). Although the fear of unethical human cloning is present, the study of stem cells is necessary because it can improve society by testing new medications for safety and effectiveness, and by finding the cure of potentially fatal diseases, such as cancer. Stem cells can only be acquired from a few places. Embryonic stem cells are formed in the embryo just a few days after fertilization. By this point, there are about one hundred cells; this is called a blastocyst. Of those one hundred cells, ten to twenty are unspecialized stem cells (â€Å"Embryonic Stem Cells...†). These stem cells, known as pluripotent cells, can make every type of cell in the human body. The blastocyst is the only place that pluripotent cells can be found in the body. The long term goal of true embryonic pluripotent cells is to be used to repair diseased tissue; however; at this point in stem cell research, embryonic stem cells are being used for research purposes, specifically to determine how diseases originate and progress in the human body (Staff). Another type of stem cells is adult stem cells. Found in small quantities, these cells are located in the bone... ...and cost over $6 million,† (â€Å"Product Development...†). Cutting out even one fourth or one third of drug and toxicity testing on animals would lead to multi-million dollar savings. There would also be savings in terms of energy and resources dedicated to studying experiments that result potentially irrelevant and dangerous results. Stem cell research is ethical and requires deeper experimentation. From increasing the safety of medicine to developing treatments that cure diseases, stem cells are the key to success. Stem cells can also be used to determine how diseases and injuries progress and affect certain cells within the body. Furthermore, using stem cells for research purposes will save money by cutting out some if not all animal testing, provide safer and better medications, as well as allow the allocation of saved resources to other research endeavors.

Budgeting And The American Bur :: essays research papers

A Budget is a management tool that is an expression of planned expenditures and revenues. "Budgets serve many important functions in government. In one sense, budgets are contracts annually agreed on by the executive and legislative branches that allow executive agencies and departments to raise and spend public funds in specified ways for the coming fiscal year, as stated by Stillman in "The American Bureaucracy" He also says that budgets impose a mutual set of legal obligations between the elected and appointed officers of public organizations with regard to taxation and expenditure policies, therefore, is a legal contract that provides a vehicle for fiscal controls over subordinate units of government by the politically elected representatives of the people. Budgetary decisions are made, according to Rubin in her book The Politics of Public Budgeting, by envisioning governments as "not merely technical managerial documents" but rather "they are also intrinsically and irreducibly political." Her ideas are similar to that of general budget concepts over balancing expenditures and revenues, but differ in fundamental ways according to Stillman. "The open environments within which budgets are developed, the variety of actors involved, the constraints imposed as well as the emphasis on public accountability, give budgets special and distinctive features in the public sector." The differences between microbudgeting and macrobudgeting are just what their prefaces imply. "On the one hand there are a number budget actors, who have all individual motivations, who strategize to get what they want from the budget. The focus on the actors and their strategies is called microbudgeting." They do not bargain with one another over the budget. They are assigned budget roles by the budget process, the issues they examine are often framed by the budget process, and the timing and coordination of their decisions are often regulated by the budget process, according to Rubin. She goes on to say that actors are not free to come to budget agreements alone. They are bound by the environmental constraints. There are decisions that they are not permitted to make because they are either against the law, the courts disagree, or previous decision makers have bound their hands. "Budgetary decision making has to account not just for budgetary actors but also for budge t process and the environment. This more top-down and systematic perspective on budgeting is called macrobudgeting." Budget strategies are affected by environment, budget process, and individual strategies, all of which influence the outcomes.

Empathy in “To kill a mockingbird” Essay

Empathy is the ability to share in or understand other‘s emotions and feelings. It is the term of emotional understanding and a special skill for individuals. This skill requires people to look at things from other people’s views. According to Atticus Finch, ‘you never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view†¦ until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it.’ There are many circumstances in this novel where empathy towards others is demonstrated or learned by positive characters such as Atticus, Scout and Jem. Unlike Atticus who is probably one of the most empathetic characters throughout the whole novel, it takes certain experiences such as their dealings with Walter Cunningham and Mrs. Dubose for Scout and Jem to develop this unique quality. The first character, Atticus, shows empathy to many people throughout the story including Miss Caroline, Boo Radley, and Tom Robinson. Atticus first shows empathy for M iss Caroline when Scout came home complaining about getting in trouble by her, â€Å"’ You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view†¦until you climb into his skin and walk around in it’† (Chapter 3). This is One of the most important lessons Atticus teaches his children, which is that empathy should not be limited to people who seem nice on the outside. Atticus tells his children to use their imaginations, and feel what others feel before making a judgement. A Second example is Atticus’s empathy for Boo, which is developed after a long period of time of listening to people tell stories, which then gives him a bad reputation throughout the community. When Atticus realises that Scout, Jem, and Dill are playing a game about Boo’s life, he tells them to stop because he does not want the kids to believe what other people tell them all the time, they need to learn that not everything another person says is true. Throughout the novel Atticus proves to us what a respectful and empathetic man he is and also shows his strong beliefs towards racial equality which was an uncommon quality in a man during the 1930’s. A prime example of his empathy towards people suffering racism was when he agreed to defend Tom Robinson, a black man wrongfully accused of rapping a white girl. To Atticus, cheating a black man is the worst thing a white man can do â€Å"There’s nothing more sickening to me than a low-grade white man who’ll take advantage of a Negro’s ignorance†¦ whenever a white man does that to a black man†¦ the white man is trash.† (Chapter 23).

A Critical appreciation of Othello Act 1 Scene 1 line 41 – line 82, commenting upon Shakespeare’s portrayal of his characters

The passage, act 1 scene 1, lines 41 to 82, open with a long speech from Iago. Already, from the onset we see that he feels it is wrong to follow his master ‘ the Moor', demonstrated by the answer he gives to Roderigo's statement of: â€Å"I would not follow him then† – line 40, with, â€Å"O sir, content you.† – line 41 It is as if it were a discontenting thought to think that Iago actually really wanted to follow his master of his own accord. Iago expands on his opening statement, informing us that he is only following Othello for his own benefit, and informs us on his view of there being two types of knaves. The first, follows his master to help his master, works hard and is humble and actually enjoys his devoted service to his master; ‘Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave, That doting on his own obsequious bondage' line 45-46 But for all their hard work Iago feels that they get nothing back in return and in addition will be looked down upon and be seen in the same category as the ‘master's ass', as they only receive food and lodging (‘for nought but provender'), in return for years of dedicated service only to be dismissed without a second thought. This is not for Iago, he will not be used by others, but in turn wants to use others for his own benefit ironically using the cover of a used ‘honest' servant. It is this word ‘honest' that appears many times in the play and is used to mean different things, mainly trustworthy and truthful or simple and easily deceived. But when used in reference to Iago there is often a sense of patronisation or an indication of it intended as an insult to suggest stupidity. When Iago uses the word ‘honest in line 49 saying: ‘Whip me such honest knaves.' He shows the audience exactly how he views the perception of the word ‘honest' as he uses it to describe the foolish ‘duteous and knee-crooking knave'. Here Iago makes it clear how he understands the meaning of the word ‘honest' even though the use of the word is frequent and varied and of course deliberately ambiguous in other references in ‘Othello'. Iago now moves onto the second type of knave, which he associates himself with: these knaves outwardly give off the appearance of hard working and submissive servants, but inwardly they are working for their own agendas. Even though these knaves look as though they are sacrificing a lot for their masters with little apparent return, in fact they are using their masters to their advantage better than their masters are using them. Therefore in paying service to Othello he is in effect paying service to himself. This gives an impression of selfishness but we must remember that just because Iago is not a master, does not make him feel that to serve a master is a privilege. Therefore, like people who are more fortunate than him and are higher in the social and military rank, he too wants people to devote their lives to him. As he can't have this, it is only natural that he would want to get something out of this ‘relationship', (though in the end circumstances do get out of hand and develop into tragedy.) The second type of knaves who are ‘trimmed in forms and visages of duty, yet keep their heart attending on themselves' (lines 50-51) Iago feels that: ‘ These fellows have some soul' – line 54 This suggests that Iago sees this deceit and pretence in a man as character and qualities to be admired and respected for: in fact the reverse of societies view of men who lie and plot others' downfall. Iago has already introduced the theme of deceptive appearances, and that actions and true thoughts or feelings have nothing in common. Therefore no one can judge or analyse someone else's actions without knowing how that person feels, and even with this knowledge, one can still not understand or appreciate the character's motives. These issues are demonstrated in Iago's following lines: ‘Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago; In following him, I follow but myself. Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end.' Lines 58-61 Iago's mysterious statement ‘Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago' indicates that the Moor symbolises authenticity and all things genuine while Iago stands for falseness and deceit. Therefore one cannot be the other as they are opposites and work antagonistically. Therefore we are faced with the common ‘good against evil' presentation, (which later proves evil to be the winner). It seems that Iago sees himself and Othello as opposites and therefore Othello will never be able to understand Iago, and therefore can not understand his deceitfulness and plotting against his ‘friends' and Iago will never be able to comprehend Othello's love for Desdemona as a thing of beauty and purity. Thus Iago can only make the tragedy happen by manipulating what is good and sowing the seeds of doubt. Iago comments that he is not seeking ‘love and duty' and so we start to wonder at how Iago will ‘ thrive by them' from his ‘peculiar end.' This last statement suggests that nobody will understand Iago's motives or the passion which drives his actions because even Iago refers to his end as ‘peculiar' and therefore as people will not be able to see it from Iago's point of view they will wrongly assume that he is a psychopath or mental. The lines: ‘†¦not for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end' create dramatic tension and suspense, making the audience wonder what Iago could possibly have in store for them. Therefore, Shakespeare has written this line deliberately ambiguous to arouse curiosity in the viewers. Ironically, line 60 includes: ‘Heaven is my judge' this is the same heaven that does not intervene in any of the unfolding tragedy even though Cassio, Desdemona, Othello and even Emilia call to heaven for blessings and protection. Iago feels that honesty and sincerity are weaknesses that make you more open to attack and therefore more vulnerable. It is here that a hint of insecurity is detected in Iago as it seems it is in his nature to envy those whose character or situation is in any way superior to his own thereby leading to Iago suffering from a sense of injured merit. He seeks to destroy anything which by its very superiority threatens his self-love and he is always finding ways in which he feel that Othello and Cassio have slighted him. Thus he cannot control this feeling of rejection and it grows on him making him feel insecure and wanting to take revenge on those who make him feel belittled. Also, maybe Iago thinks that he can not ‘wear my heart on my sleeve for draws to peaks at' as he can not reveal his true soul to anyone because then he will no longer be able to hide behind a mask or character which what is known about them is false, which will make Iago feel more safe, again pointing to Iago feeling insecure. Iago ends his speech with a paradox: ‘ I am not what I am'. This is in effect summarising Iago's speech into saying that what people conceive him to be is not the real him, and the real him will never be revealed for people to comprehend, so people will never ‘see' the real genuine Iago. This of course is the main reason Iago manages to deceive Othello and this is also a problem for Rodrigo, but at this stage Rodrigo does not pick up on this point, as he is a bit slow to say the least. It is rather ironical that Iago only reveals his true intentions and plans to Rodrigo who is the only person too stupid to really understand their full implications, highlighted by Rodrigo's random and abstract comment: â€Å"What a full fortune does the thick-lips owe, If he can carry it thus!† Lines 67-68 Next we see Iago at his best: making havoc. Iago plainly delights in his own skill at causing chaos and his desire to make another human as unhappy and miserable as possible. When he plans to wake Brabantio, and ‘poison his delight', he maximises Brabantio's humiliation at the dishonour of it by telling Rodrigo to ‘proclaim him in the street'. Iago seems to get carried away by his lust in planning to tell Brabantio of his misfortune saying ‘plague him with flies' and ‘incense her kinsmen'. This of course is an example of Iago's two faced nature as to Brabantio he seems to be on his side by informing Brabantio of his daughter's secret liaison with Othello, yet in the next scene, Iago is seen with Othello acting as the faithful manservant.  Read also Critical appreciation of the poem â€Å"Old Ladies’ Home†. Even though Iago wants Rodrigo to call out to Brabantio, he can not help himself adding to Rodrigo's feeble and polite attempt at calling Brabantio with loud and alarming phrases and cry's of ‘Thieves,' repeated four times to make Brabantio feel as uncomfortable and worried as possible. It seems that Iago is drawing out the situation and going the round about way of telling Brabantio what has happened, to leave Brabantio in suspense and confusion for as long as possible. Iago's energy and excitement is conveyed in the pace and thrust of Iago's poetry or prose. In Iago's soliloquy-like speech (lines 41- 66) poetic images and long words do not slow the quick movement, like the agile darting of Iago's mind constantly on the look out for new niches to get in and use to his advantage. The light punctuation helps keep the fasted paced childlike enthusiasm. Iago's speeches are full of ambiguous and mysterious phrases, these highlight his double character that is in fact a paradox in itself and often seem to present two conflicting and antagonist characters, even though they are both represented through Iago. There seems to be no fixed sentence length with many varied disjointed phrases helping make up Iago's speech and present his rush of ideas and force of feeling. This passage is really a platform for the ‘plotter' Iago, to reveal his true feelings on his relationship with Othello and how he intends to use his service to Othello and the social role he is expected to play as a base for his deceit and ruin of other characters. Therefore dramatically this is an intimate scene between the audience and Iago (with Rodrigo, as merely an excuse for Iago to speak) where they are invited to see events and situations from Iago's point of view. This low-key plotting and the later loud disruption caused by Iago to wake Brabantio, is further indication of how quickly and easily i.e. how flexible, Iago can be to change to suit the situation to deceive characters, manipulate trust and ultimately cause a tragedy through his consuming hatred for seemingly all things good and beautiful.

Diversity in the Workplace Essay

Do you think corporations and government agencies should offer diversity training? If so, how can we develop diversity training that fosters mutual respect? Can you suggest practical ways to develop workplaces undivided by gender and race-ethnicity? Yes, I believe that government agencies as well as corporations should offer some type of diversity training. Through diversity training you can ensure a health and warm and inviting workplace. Since the workplace is already filled with stereotypes on the keys to success diversity training will help with the competitiveness that always thrives inside the work place. It will help teach the employees how to get along, work cooperate, get along, and work in sync with different age groups, the opposite sex, and ethnicities. â€Å"Diversity training has the potential to build bridges (Henslin, 2013). † The function behind offering diversity training is to help foster community. A healthy well managed work environment that will foster and increase the work output. It’s to help educate the employees on how to develop connections to people of various ages and backgrounds. Another key function is how to draw upon your co-workers aspect and work ethics to smooth out business production through shared unity. Though even with good intentions conflicts can exists. Some manager whose been told he has to take a course of diversity training may feel as though it’s a punishment. They may feel like in their job they have wronged someone and they are being reprimanded; thus they have to take diversity training. What you need to be aware of in diversity training is not to encourage or develop stereo types. The intention of diversity training is to encourage and develop understanding and unity in the work place. Role reversal and having participant make derogatory comments to the other my inflict scars and demote rather than promote understanding. So stay clear of antagonistic role play (Smart, 1997). Instead of role play do course match up. Match up employees from various levels in their career, age, sex, and ethnicity into groups. These groups should be assigned a unified task to complete during the diversity training. Have them get to know one another likes and dislikes and so forth. Assign them common tasks to complete jointly that exist within the corporation (Skills, 1968). Let them assign key task amongst each other that play upon each person strengths. Have them present their project at the end of the training session before the rest of the groups (Skills, 1968). Judge them by their ability to play upon the other’s strengths and the completeness of their projects. At the end of the diversity training session have them do peer assessment’s on one another. The symbolic aspect of this is they have meet new people they normally do not work with in their department. They work with new people from various skill levels. It fosters development in understanding of various backgrounds and ethnicity. It encourages unity and mutual respect for peers. Everything that you are trying to aide and foster through the diversity training can be reached by group project assignments. ? Bibliography Henslin, J. M. (2013). Essencial to Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach tenth edition. Pearson. Skills. (1968). International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. Volume 6, pp. 296-302. Smart, W. (1997, September 1). Businessmanagementdaily. com. Retrieved August 11, 2013, from Business Management Daily: www. businessmanagementdaily. com

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